Infrastrutture, soggetti critici e gestione del rischio. Traiettorie di ricerca per la pubblica amministrazione, in Diritto amministrativo

This article analyzes the shift from "critical infrastructures" to critical entities introduced by EU Directive 2022/2557, transposed in Italy by Legislative Decree no. 134/2024. The author argues that risk must be embedded systematically into the entire lifecycle of infrastructure, moving beyond an emergency-driven logic. The key innovation lies in relocating the regulatory focus from the physical structure to the subject operating it—whether public or private. Across 11 strategic sectors, critical entities are now required to conduct multi-hazard risk assessments and adopt organizational, technical, and security measures ensuring their capacity to prevent, withstand, and recover from disruptive incidents, under a centralized supervisory framework. Drawing on the Morandi Bridge case, the author concludes that the new paradigm's success depends on coherent implementation and genuine dialogue between institutions and the scientific community.